Study |
Country |
Methods/Population |
Sample size (AF vs non-AF) |
Outcome Measures |
Results
(AF vs non-AF) |
Sig
(P, CI) |
Wolf et al (1983)
Framingham study46 |
US |
Prospective observational evaluation of population based cohort who developed stroke |
59 vs 442 |
30 day mortality
6 month stroke recurrence |
17% vs 19%
47% vs 20% |
NS
<0.05 |
Britton and Gustafsson (1985)36 |
Sweden |
Prospective, consecutive inpatient analysis |
92 vs 196 |
Neurological score
(0 – 100 where 100 is normal)
Reduced conscious level (%)
Inpatient mortality (%) |
53 vs 67
33% vs 10%
26% vs 5% |
<0.001
<0.001
<0.05 |
Candelise et al (1991)47 |
Italy |
Prospective consecutive stroke admissions |
211 vs 837 |
Severe motor deficit (broad class)
1 month mortality
6 month mortality |
54% vs 46%
27% vs 14%
40% vs 20% |
NS
<0.05
<0.05 |
Gustafsson and Britton (1991)48 |
Sweden |
Retrospective observational analysis of consecutive stroke admission |
88 vs 188 |
1 month - recurrent stroke / SE
- mortality
5 year – recurrence stroke / SE
- mortality |
13% vs 2%
35% vs 7%
26% vs 25%
78% vs 52 % |
<0.01
<0.01
NS
<0.01 |
Broderick et al (1992)49 |
US |
Retrospective analysis of consecutive hospital and community stroke patients |
318 vs 1064 |
Mortality – 30 days
- 1 year
- 3 years |
23% vs 8%
44% vs 18%
77% vs 43% |
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001 |
Sandercock et al (1992)50 |
UK |
Prospective community based registry data of consecutive strokes |
115 vs 560 |
30 day mortality |
23% vs 8% |
<0.05 |
Anderson et al (1994)51 |
Australia |
Prospective population based registry analysis of consecutive stroke patients |
Total 321 |
1 year mortality |
Adjusted RR 2.0 |
CI (1.1-3.5) |
Lin et al (1996)
Framingham study37 |
US |
Prospective community based observational study |
103 vs 398 |
Proportion stroke severe or fatal (%) – broad classification.
Mortality – 30 day
- 1 year
1 year stroke recurrence
Functional dependence (severe BI):
- acute period
- 3 months
- 6 months
- 12 months |
39% vs 28%
25% vs 14%
63% vs 34%
23% vs 8%
73.3% vs 32.5%
58.3% vs 16.3%
36.4% vs 15.8%
30% vs 10.9% |
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
-
<0.01
<0.01
0.05
NS
|
Jørgensen et al (1996)
Copenhagen stroke study25 |
Denmark |
Prospective community based analysis of consecutive stroke admissions |
217 vs 968 |
Admission – stroke severity (SSS)
- functional dependence (BI)
Inpatient mortality (%)
Length of hospital stay (days)
Discharged to own home (%) |
29.7 vs 37.5
34.5 vs 51.7
33% vs 17%
50.9 vs 39.8
48% vs 69% |
<0.0001
<0.0001
<0.0001
<0.001
<0.0001 |
Vemmos et al (2000)52 |
Greece |
Prospective population based registry |
189 vs 366 |
1 year disability (MRS > 2) |
Adjusted RR 1.8 |
CI (1.1-3.2) |
Lamassa et al (2001)
European biomed study26 |
7 countries in Europe |
Prospective multi-centre registry of consecutive first time stroke patients |
803 vs 3659 |
Stroke severity (%) – TACI
- LACI
Mortality – 28 day
- 3 month
Length of hospital stay (days)
Discharge to own home (%)
Functional dependence – 3 month (BI) |
33.8% vs 25.1%
16% vs 29.2%
19.1% vs 12%
32.8% vs 19.9%
23.9 vs 22.7
61.4% vs 71.4%
12.8 vs 15.3 |
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
NS
<0.001
<0.001 |
Saxena et al (2001)35 |
Worldwide multi-centre |
Retrospective analysis of stroke patients randomised to IST1 |
3169 vs 15282 |
Stroke severity (%) – TACI
- LACI
- reduced GCS
Stroke recurrence at 2 weeks
Mortality at 2 weeks |
36% vs 21% (OR 2.1)
13% vs 26% (OR 0.4)
37% vs 20% (OR 2.4)
1.2% vs 0.7%
17% vs 7.5% (OR 2.5) |
CI (2 – 2.3)
CI (0.4- 0.5)
CI (2.2- 2.6)
NS
CI (2.2-2.8) |
Appelros et al (2002) and (2003)53,54 |
Sweden |
Population based analysis of consecutive stroke patients – second analysis with 12 months follow up |
90 vs 287 |
Stroke severity – NIHSS > 6
Mortality – 28 days
- 1 year
Dependency at 1 year (MRS >2) |
Adjusted OR 1.9
Adjusted OR 2.4
Adjusted HR 2.4
Unadjusted OR 1.6 |
CI (1.2-3.1)
CI (1.3-4.5)
CI (1.6-3.6)
NS |
Dulli et al (2003)55 |
US |
Retrospective analysis of consecutive stroke patients admitted to hospital |
216 vs 845 |
Bedridden state (MRS = 5) at discharge |
41.2% vs 23.7% |
<0.0005 |
Steger et al (2005)30 |
Austria |
Prospective multi-centre hospital based registry of consecutive stroke patients |
304 vs 688 |
Stroke severity – NIHSS > 21- admission MRS >4 |
13% vs 6%
52% vs 31% |
<0.004
<0.004 |
Kimura et al (2005)31 |
Japan |
Prospective multi-centre hospital based registry of consecutive stroke patients |
3335 vs 12496 |
Stroke severity – NIHSS > 23 -NIHSS < 6
Length of hospital stay (days)
Mortality at 28 days |
19.7% vs 4.5%
31.3% vs 64.4%
40.5 vs 34
11.3% vs 3.4% |
<0.0001
<0.0001
<0.0001
<0.0001 |
Ghatnekar and Glader (2008)56 |
Sweden |
Prospective multi-centre hospital based registry of consecutive stroke patients |
1619 vs 4992 |
Length of hospital stay (days)
Mortality – 28 days
- 3 years |
22.4 vs 20.9
13% vs 7%
43% vs 25% |
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01 |
Thygesen et al (2009)32 |
Denmark |
Prospective multi-centre hospital based registry of consecutive stroke patients |
741 vs 3108 |
Stroke severity – SSS < 30
Length of hospital stay (days)
Mortality – 30 days
- 1 year |
28.3% vs 13%
15 vs 9
14.7% vs 5.8%
31.7% vs 13.7% |
-
-
<0.05
<0.05 |
Hannon et al (2010) and (2014)38,39 |
Northern Ireland |
Population based prospective cohort study of all stroke patients |
177 vs 391 |
Stroke severity – NIHSS at 72 hrs
- MRS at 72 hrs
Mortality – 28 days
- 3 months |
7 vs 5
3.8 vs 3.0
15% vs 12.2%
23.1% vs 16.4% |
0.005
<0.001
NS
NS |
Tu et al (2011)57 |
World-wide multi-centre |
Analysis of all placebo controlled arms of 6 RCT’s from the VISTA collaborators database |
819 vs 2046 |
Stroke severity – NIHSS
Mortality at 3 months
Dependency at 3 months (MRS) |
15 vs 12
25.2% vs 13.6%
4 vs 3 |
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001 |
Saposnik et al (2013)58 |
Canada |
Prospective multi-centre hospital based registry of consecutive stroke patients |
2185 vs 10501 |
Mortality – 30 day
- 1 year
Death or disability (MRS >2) at discharge |
22.3% vs 10.2%
37.1% vs 19.5%
69.7% vs 54.7% |
<0.0001
<0.0001
<0.0001 |
Mcgrath et al (2013)59 |
Canada |
Prospective multi-centre hospital based registry of consecutive stroke patients |
Total 10528 |
Mortality – 30 day
- 1 year
Dependency at discharge (MRS 4-5) |
Adjusted OR 1.36
Adjusted OR 1.25
Adjusted OR 1.19 |
CI (1.2-1.6)
CI (1.1-1.4)
CI (1 – 1.4) |
Andrew et al (2013)60 |
Australia |
Prospective multi-centre hospital based registry of consecutive stroke patients |
2049 vs 3424 |
Mortality at 1 year |
Adjusted OR 1.46 |
CI (1.1-2.0) |
Ali et al (2015)33 |
UK |
Prospective observational hospital cohort study consecutive stroke patients |
78 vs 135 |
Stroke severity – NIHSS:
- Mild-Mod (0-15)
- Severe (>16)
- Oxford: LACS
TACS
Inpatient mortality
Length of hospital stay (days)
Discharged to own home |
11 vs 7
68.1% vs 88.1%
31.9% vs 12.2%
12.6% vs 40.4%
31% vs 18.8%
19.2% vs 4.9%
16 vs 7
38.4% vs 71.5% |
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
0.001
<0.001
<0.001 |