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Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: Clinical Management and Outcome

Atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) are two emerging epidemics in the cardiovascular field and are strictly inter-related since may directly predispose to each other. Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has emerged as an important therapeutic option for selected HF patients with LV dysfunction and ventricular dyssynchrony. However almost all RCTs demonstrated the CRT effectiveness in patients in sinus rhythm (SR), including permanent AF among the exclusion criteria.

Credits: Giuseppe Boriani; Paola Battistini; Igor Diemberger; Matteo Ziacchi; Cinzia Valzania; Cristian Martignani; Mauro Biffi