Atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) are common conditions that frequently coexist.  Both conditions share risk factors, are associated with increased morbidity and mortality, and may worsen the other.  The presence of heart failure and symptoms associated with it may influence both the approach to management (i.e., rate versus rhythm control) and the treatment options available for AF patients.  The presence of HF increases the stroke risk with atrial fibrillation, and thromboembolic risk reduction is paramount.  Some patients with heart failure tolerate AF poorly, and a rhythm control strategy is chosen.  More insight into the success rates with catheter ablation in heart failure has been gleaned from recent studies.